DIAR https://diar.org/en/ Law, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Tue, 02 Aug 2022 16:26:49 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://diar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/cropped-favicon-32x32.png DIAR https://diar.org/en/ 32 32 Metaverse: opportunities, risks and policy implications https://diar.org/en/news/digital-transformation/metaverse-opportunities-risks-and-policy-implications-02-08-2022/ Tue, 02 Aug 2022 16:25:40 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=1975 According to an article published by the European Parliament’s research service in June 2022, the metaverse –one of the most talked about […]

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According to an article published by the European Parliament’s research service in June 2022, the metaverse –one of the most talked about concepts in modern technology– can be described as an immersive and constant virtual 3D world where people interact by means of an avatar to carry out a wide range of activities that can range from leisure and gaming to professional and commercial interactions, financial transactions or even health interventions such as surgery.

It is clear that the metaverse will not only open up a range of opportunities, but also a number of risks in a variety of legal field.

Major tech companies are scaling up their metaverse activities, including through mergers and acquisitions. This has given impetus to a debate on how merger regulations and antitrust law should apply. Business in the metaverse is expected to be underpinned largely by cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens, raising issues of ownership, misuse, interoperability and portability. Furthermore, the huge volume of data used in the metaverse raises a number of data protection and cybersecurity issues.

So, following the line of research of this article, there is considerable scope for a wide range of illegal and harmful behaviours and practices in the metaverse environment. This makes it essential to consider how to attribute responsibility, inter alia, for fighting illegal and harmful practices and misleading advertising practices, and for protecting intellectual property rights.

For more information, see:

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/733557/EPRS_BRI(2022)733557_EN.pdf

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]]> Justice begins the deployment of the legal dictation system equipped with AI https://diar.org/en/news/artificial-intelligence/justice-begins-deployment-legal-dictation-ai-system-22-07-2022/ Fri, 22 Jul 2022 08:50:13 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=1918 Foto: Ministry of Justice, Spain, by Luis García, 2015, Wikipedia As part of the process of digital transformation of administration of justice […]

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Foto: Ministry of Justice, Spain, by Luis García, 2015, Wikipedia

As part of the process of digital transformation of administration of justice in Spain, the Ministry of Justice of that country initiated in June 2022 the deployment of an advanced technology called “Sistema de Dictado Jurídico” (Legal Dictation System), which will allow the rapid and accurate production of specialised transcriptions of legal texts through voice recognition, helping to streamline and increase the effectiveness of the Spanish Justice system.

This system uses artificial intelligence technologies and deep neural networks that are useful for deep learning and incorporated into a voice recognition and translation software whose purpose is to serve as a tool for magistrates, judges, lawyers of the administration of justice or court clerks and prosecutors.

For more information, see:

https://www.mjusticia.gob.es/es/ministerio/gabinete-comunicacion/noticias-ministerio/sistema-dictado-juridico

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]]> Book publication: “Lethal autonomous weapons” https://diar.org/en/academic-publications/autonomous-weapons-academic-publications/book-publication-lethal-autonomous-weapons-09-05-2022/ Mon, 09 May 2022 12:45:25 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=1699 MEZA, M. (2022). “LETHAL AUTONOMOUS WEAPONS: a challenge for international humanitarian law, human rights, international security and disarmament”, a high-quality monograph on […]

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MEZA, M. (2022). “LETHAL AUTONOMOUS WEAPONS: a challenge for international humanitarian law, human rights, international security and disarmament”, a high-quality monograph on legal research funded by the Spanish Red Cross, editorial tiran lo blanch, Valencia, p.p. 773.

Publication summary

This book addresses the challenges posed by lethal autonomous weapons, an advance in weapons that was unthinkable years ago, almost a science fiction issue, and which today has become a reality. It is about the use of emerging technologies for the design of lethal weapons for military and security purposes, endowed with almost absolute autonomy to carry out critical functions (such as the selection and attack of targets) and, therefore, with little -or any–significant level of human control.

So, this book is especially relevant, as it offers its reader an interdisciplinary, transversal, and prospective analysis about the promises and risks that these weapons represent for humanity. Its argumentative development opens important, controversial, and novel questions, many of which provoke and enrich the debate on this matter, focusing attention on the examination of the affectation that these weapons represent for human rights, international humanitarian law, international security, and disarmament.

For the full text, see:

https://editorial.tirant.com/es/libro/las-armas-automatas-letales-un-desafio-para-el-derecho-internacional-humanitario-los-derechos-humanos-la-seguridad-y-el-dersa-milton-jose-meza-rivas-9788411137577

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]]> Digital surveillance: before and after COVID-19 https://diar.org/en/opinion-2/reflection/digital-surveillance-before-after-covid-19-22-04-2022/ Fri, 22 Apr 2022 16:56:03 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=1030 MADRID, A. “Vigilancia digital: antes y después del COVID-1”, 2020 Content summary A brief reflection is offered on many of the implications […]

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MADRID, A. “Vigilancia digital: antes y después del COVID-1”, 2020

Content summary

A brief reflection is offered on many of the implications poses the use of emerging technologies as a digital surveillance tool of the States to combat the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

For the full text, see:

https://www.mientrastanto.org/boletin-189/notas/vigilancia-digital-antes-y-despues-del-covid-19

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]]> Technological disruption and work: disruption also in the field of labor relations? https://diar.org/en/opinion-2/technology-and-work/technological-disruption-work-disruption-field-labor-relations-22-04-2022/ Fri, 22 Apr 2022 16:48:47 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=1014 BONET, J. “Disrupción tecnológica y trabajo: ¿disrupción también en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales?”, 2018. Content summary A brief reflection is […]

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BONET, J. “Disrupción tecnológica y trabajo: ¿disrupción también en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales?”, 2018.

Content summary

A brief reflection is offered on the economic, political, social and human (even biological) transformations derived from today’s tendentially disruptive process based on artificial intelligence and robotics, particularly on the changes that are being generated and the apparent absence of a deep political and social debate, at all levels, about them.

For the full text, see:

https://www.mientrastanto.org/boletin-169/notas/disrupcion-tecnologica-y-trabajo-disrupcion-tambien-en-el-ambito-de-las-relaciones

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]]> Autonomous weapon systems: chronicle of an international and prospective debate within the United Nations https://diar.org/en/opinion-2/debate-en/autonomous-weapon-systems-chronicle-international-prospective-debate-united-nations-22-04-2022/ Fri, 22 Apr 2022 16:34:38 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=996 MEZA, M., «Los sistemas de armas autónomos: crónica de un debate internacional y prospectivo dentro de Naciones Unidas» (documento de trabajo), IEEE, […]

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MEZA, M., «Los sistemas de armas autónomos: crónica de un debate internacional y prospectivo dentro de Naciones Unidas» (documento de trabajo), IEEE, núm. 41/2018, 2018.

Content summary

It is a document in which is offered a mapping of the international debate held at the UN on emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems, highlighting the main contributions that until 2018 the delegations of the States Parties to the Convention on certain conventional weapons had made and, finally, the main obstacles for experts to reach agreements or common understandings related to the research, development and innovation of these weapons systems are explained. 

For the full text, see:

https://www.ieee.es/contenido/noticias/2018/04/DIEEEO41-2018.html

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]]> Electronic Notebooks of Philosophy of Law https://diar.org/en/opinion-2/review/electronic-notebooks-philosophy-law-22-04-2022/ Fri, 22 Apr 2022 16:27:54 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=982 MEZA, M., «Graham, Stephen. Cities under siege. The new military urbanism. (Londres: Editorial verso, 2010)» [recensión], Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho, 2016, […]

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MEZA, M., «Graham, Stephen. Cities under siege. The new military urbanism. (Londres: Editorial verso, 2010)» [recensión], Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho, 2016, núm. 34, pp. 336-345.

Content summary

A book review of “Graham, Stephen.  Cities under siege. The new military urbanism.  (London: Verse Publishers, 2010)”, through which the British author presents the results of his academic research on how, in recent years, many governments have developed policies that tend to incorporate urban issues into military doctrine, allowing military and civil security forces to invade the landscape of cities.

For the full text, see:

https://ojs.uv.es/index.php/CEFD/article/view/8126/8872

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]]> Artificial intelligence (AI) as an instrument in the promotion and guarantee of rights and freedoms https://diar.org/en/academic-publications/artificial-intelligence-academic-publications/artificial-intelligence-ai-instrument-promotion-guarantee-rights-freedoms-22-04-2022/ Fri, 22 Apr 2022 15:43:09 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=935 Madrid A., “La inteligencia artificial (IA) como instrumento en la promoción y la garantía de derechos y libertades”, Barbosa, M. M., Braga […]

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Madrid A., “La inteligencia artificial (IA) como instrumento en la promoción y la garantía de derechos y libertades”, Barbosa, M. M., Braga Netto, F., Silva, M. C., Faleiros, J.L.M., Direito digital e Inteligencia artificial, Editora Foco, 2021, 559-577.

Publication summary

This text analyses the possibility of proposing the design, training and application of artificial intelligence as an active instrument that contributes to guaranteeing and promoting rights and freedoms within the framework of a democratic, social and rule of law State.  Rights and freedoms that find their foundations in values ​​that reach and maintain their political and social strength to the extent that they are assumed and practiced by a society and by a State or a group of States.

For the full text, see:

https://vlex.com.br/vid/inteligencia-artificial-ia-instrumento-875663509

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]]> Autonomy in future military and security technologies: Implications for law, peace, and conflict https://diar.org/en/academic-publications/autonomous-weapons-academic-publications/autonomy-future-military-security-technologies-implications-law-peace-conflict-22-04-2022/ Fri, 22 Apr 2022 15:14:00 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=917 Image: Taranis taxiing at BAE Systems in Warton, Lancashire [Picture: Ray Troll, BAE Systems] HUGHES, J. y MEZA, M. (eds.), “Autonomy in […]

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Image: Taranis taxiing at BAE Systems in Warton, Lancashire [Picture: Ray Troll, BAE Systems]

HUGHES, J. y MEZA, M. (eds.), “Autonomy in future military and security technologies: Implications for law, peace, and conflict”, Lancaster, The Richardson Institute, 2018.

Information summary

This compendium offers a number of useful insights –explanations of specialised terminology, statistical and scientific data, and bibliographic references, to name just a few– to expose readers of advanced researches in the field of robotics and IA applied to the research, development and innovation of new weapons with high degrees of autonomy in their critical functions (namely, in the selection and attack of targets). So, this work is as an ideal guide to elaboration on national, regional, and international policies that must consider technical, legal and political aspects of the concept of autonomy in technologies, devices and systems for defence and security purposes.

For the full text, see:

https://ttac21.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/richardson-institute-autonomy-in-future-military-and-security-technologies-implications-for-law-peace-and-conflict.pdf

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]]> Axiological Elements to Consider Ethics Applied to Robotics https://diar.org/en/academic-publications/applied-ethics-in-robotics/axiological-elements-to-consider-ethics-applied-to-robotics-22-04-2022/ Fri, 22 Apr 2022 15:02:49 +0000 https://diar.org/?p=897 Madrid, A. “Axiological Elements to Consider Ethics Applied to Robotics”, Robot 2013: First Iberian Robotics Conference. Advances in Robotics. Armada, Manuel A.; […]

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Madrid, A. “Axiological Elements to Consider Ethics Applied to Robotics”, Robot 2013: First Iberian Robotics Conference. Advances in Robotics. Armada, Manuel A.; Sanfeliu, Alberto; Ferre, Manuel (Eds.), Springer, vol. 2, pp. 649-660.

Information summary

The development achieved by scientific and technical knowledge applied to robotics has long posed important ethical questions. In this paper are addressed some of these old and new questions that creates the human-robot relationship and its social dimension. This reflection is applied to the military use of drones, at a time in which the ethical and legal questions accompany some of these uses.

For the full text, see:

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-03413-3_48#page-1

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